The term pancreatitis defines an inflammatory process located in the tissue of the pancreas (pancreas). The acute or chronic course of the disease of varying severity leads to a disruption of the functional state of the organs, thereby affecting the digestive process. The treatment of pancreatitis, regardless of the severity of the course, the nature and origin of the pathological process, must use dietary advice. The table for pancreatitis is labeled 5p according to the classification of diet.
Main features of the diet
The main goal of the acute or chronic pancreatitis diet is to significantly reduce the functional load of the pancreas, which contributes to a rapid reduction in the severity of the inflammatory process. This diet has several notable features:
- In the diet, the amount of carbohydrates (mainly due to sugar and other easily digestible disaccharides) and fats is reduced.
- Increase the protein content of your diet.
- Strictly limit the intake of extracted organic compounds, purine bases, refractory fats, essential oils, cholesterol, crude fiber, which can significantly increase the load on the organs of the digestive system.
- Increases the content of lipophilic compounds and vitamins.
- Dishes should be steamed or boiled. Food stew is limited. Avoid fried foods.
- Cold and hot dishes are limited.
The chemical composition, daily content of major organic compounds, and energy values of the pancreatitis diet include the following indicators:
- Protein - 110-120 grams, 60-65% of which should be of animal origin.
- Carbohydrates - 350-400 grams, of which 30-40 grams sugar is allowed. It is recommended to take 20-30 grams of xylitol sweetener.
- Fats - 80 grams, 15-20% of which are from plants.
- Table salt (sodium chloride) - 10 grams.
- Free Liquid - 1. 5 liters.
- Energy Value - 2600-2700 kcal.
The recommended food intake is 5-6 times a day, and single servings should be small. This makes it possible to reduce the burden on the entire digestive system, especially the pancreas.
Therapeutic mechanism of action
The pancreas is an important functional organ of the digestive system. It produces many digestive enzymes (protease, lipase, amylase) that are responsible for breaking down proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the lumen of the small intestine. Damage to glandular cells as well as tissue edema occurs with the development of an inflammatory response from various causes. At the same time, the excretory ducts of the pancreas are compressed and the outflow of the contents is disturbed, followed by tissue death (pancreatic necrosis) due to the release of digestive enzymes. To prevent inflammatory complications, it is important to reduce the load on the pancreas, for which the 5p diet was developed.
The essence of dietary advice is to significantly reduce the carbohydrate and fat content of food. This results in a decrease in pancreatic functional activity, production of digestive enzymes, and a reduced likelihood of pancreatic necrosis at the regulatory level. Small, frequent meals reduce the load on all organs of the digestive system, which can help quickly reduce the severity of the inflammatory process in the pancreas. Metabolic processes in liver tissue and other parenchymal organs of the digestive system can be improved by increasing the content of lipophilic compounds and vitamins.
Indications
The implementation of dietary recommendations indicates an acute course of chronic pancreatitis remission (improvement of functional status) or convalescence (recovery) of the inflammatory process. In addition, the diet can be used for combined inflammation of the pancreas, gallbladder, and liver.
Contraindications
Due to the apparent acute course of the inflammatory process, the use of diet for the treatment of pancreatitis is not recommended, since in this case the prescribed period of Table 0 (complete lack of nutrition) is up to several days. The main nutritional organic compounds in monomeric form are administered parenterally by intravenous infusion (amino acids, glucose). In addition, if necessary, intensive treatment with drugs from various pharmacological groups.
allowed products
Using a diet to treat pancreatitis involves taking a very diverse list of allowed foods, including:
- The first course is a soup boiled in water, with vegetables (carrots, potatoes, squash, zucchini), grains (semolina, rice, buckwheat), vermicelli, and a little butter is allowed.
- Meat – Lean meats, including chicken, rabbit, veal, beef, skinless turkey. Before cooking, separate the meat from the skin (poultry), tendons. Boiled or steamed is recommended.
- Vegetables - Potatoes, cauliflower, zucchini, green beans, carrots, beets, squash boiled, roasted or steamed.
- Cereals - Cereals from oats, buckwheat, semolina, rice, cooked with water or a small amount of milk. They can also be added to soufflés and puddings.
- Ripe, sweet fruit or berries, eaten fresh or roasted.
- Dairy - limited quantities of low-fat whole milk, limited by its normal tolerance, yogurt, cottage cheese, cream.
- Sweets - mousses, jellies, jellies, jams, these are prepared using xylitol, a sweetener.
- Eggs - limited, 2 slices per day, in the form of fried eggs.
- Flour Products - Bread made yesterday with wheat or rye flour, lean meat products.
- Fats - butter, vegetable oils.
- Beverages - green tea, light black tea, fruit juice, preserves, rosehip broth.
Contraband
In the context of implementing dietary recommendations for pancreatitis, exclude the use of the following foods:
- Soup, cabbage soup, meat borsch, fish soup, beetroot, okroshka.
- Fatty meats (duck, goose, pork, lamb), frying, stews, bacon, sausages.
- Greasy, fried, stewed, salted fish, caviar, canned food.
- Any dairy product high in fat and sugar, including lactose (lactose).
- The use of beans, barley, corn, pearl barley and brittle grains is limited.
- Cabbage, radish, sorrel, bell pepper, eggplant, radish, onion, garlic, spinach, mushroom, radish.
- Spicy, spicy, fatty sauces, especially those cooked in broth.
- Coffee, cocoa, carbonated drinks and cold drinks.
- Butterscotch, chocolate, ice cream, candy with lots of sugar.
- animal fat.
Nutritional characteristics
Proper use of the pancreatitis diet involves several recommendations and nutritional habits:
- The menu for acute pancreatitis or worsening of the chronic course includes a mandatory retention regimen. Food volume was strictly limited to temporary therapeutic starvation (diet 0). As the severity of the inflammatory process subsided, the menu was gradually expanded, but the food was served in crushed form.
- In chronic pancreatitis, the 5p diet is used without a reservation regimen. It covers the usual temperature range, with the exception of very hot and very cold dishes.
- The acute course of the inflammatory process in the pancreatic tissue requires a person to be admitted to the hospital, where the doctor determines dietary recommendations. If the likelihood of pancreatic necrosis is high in the first few days, diet 0 is prescribed under close medical supervision.
- It is recommended to eat small portions at least 5 times a day, which can significantly reduce the load on the pancreas.
- The last meal is recommended no later than 2 hours before the scheduled sleep. In modern recommendations, the time interval between dinner and bedtime is increased to 3-4 hours.
- In chronic pancreatitis, a long-term diet is required, mainly to prevent the deterioration of the inflammatory process in the pancreatic tissue.
Sample menu of the week
on Monday
- Breakfast - buckwheat porridge boiled in milk, bread and butter, light black tea.
- Lunch - fresh pears.
- Lunch - vegetable soup, poached, chicken noodle casserole, apple jelly.
- Snacks - biscuits biscuits, rose hip soup.
- Dinner - Boneless poached fish, a little butter mashed potatoes, green tea.
Tuesday
- Breakfast - boiled vegetable vinaigrette, cheese sandwich, green tea.
- Lunch - cheese casserole with plums.
- Lunch - milk soup with rice, stewed carrots with poached chicken, candied fruit.
- Afternoon snack - skinny biscuits with freshly squeezed juice.
- Dinner - Pasta with cottage cheese, poached, jelly.
Wednesday
- Breakfast - apple and carrot salad, chopped steamed patties, juice.
- Lunch is roasted pears.
- Lunch - Vegetable soup with milk, boiled boneless fish with rice porridge, fresh fruit.
- Snacks - biscuits biscuits, dried fruit preserves.
- Dinner - milk porridge, cheese sandwiches, apple preserves.
Thursday
- Breakfast - semolina porridge, boiled with milk, add plums, light black tea.
- Lunch - mashed carrots with applesauce.
- Lunch - Vegetable soup with dried fruit soup, cottage cheese pudding, baked apples.
- Snack - jelly.
- Dinner - buckwheat porridge, boiled, beef steak, mineral water.
Friday
- Breakfast - cheesecake with carrots, black tea.
- Lunch - cheese with low-fat sour cream.
- Lunch - barley and carrot soup, poached, cabbage rolls, rice and boiled chicken, jelly.
- Snack - sweet fresh apples.
- Dinner - poached potatoes, boneless poached fish, kefir, a slice of bread.
Saturday
- Breakfast - Cheesecake with fruit jam, green tea.
- Lunch is fresh bananas.
- Lunch - borsch with vegetable broth, casserole with vegetables and chicken, fruit preserves.
- Snacks - dry biscuits, dried fruit preserves.
- Dinner - Casserole with pasta and boiled beef, kefir.
Sunday
- Breakfast - potato dumpling soup, boiled in milk, light black tea.
- Lunch is a fresh sweet apple.
- Lunch - cabbage soup with vegetable stock, pasta with steamed steak, preserves.
- Snacks - biscuits biscuits, rose hip soup.
- Dinner - egg omelet, fluffy cottage cheese dumplings, kefir.
doctor opinion
The diet for pancreatitis is biologically sound. By reducing the functional load of the pancreas, the risk of complications, including pancreatic necrosis, is significantly reduced, and the inflammatory process in the organ tissue is accelerated. At the same time, the severity of edema is reduced, the outflow of pancreatic juice and bile is improved, which contributes to the normalization of the functional activity of all organs of the digestive system. Dietary recommendations aim to reduce the functional load of the pancreas during resolution of acute inflammation or in the context of a chronic course of disease. In cases of acute pancreatitis, a therapeutic starvation diet can be prescribed due to the high risk of pancreatic necrosis in medical hospitals.